Howard Husock s Turning Food Deserts Into Oases Why...

Howard Husock’s report â€Å"Turning Food Deserts into Oases – Why New York’s Public Housing Should Encourage Commercial Development† was published by the Manhattan Institute and selected for this reaction paper. The report tells us about the incentives offered in New York City (NYC) to provide access to fresh food for an affordable price in low-income neighborhoods. Husock also discusses the shortage of supermarkets in NYC, New York City Housing Authority’s (NYCHA’s) historical anti-commercial bias, NYCHA’s food deserts, changing NYCHA food deserts into oases, and the commercial rent revenue NYCHA could make from commercial development on NYCHA property. According to the report, tax, financial, and zoning incentives have been offered to attract supermarkets to low-income areas since 2009 via a program called FRESH – Food Retail Expansion to Support Health. The FRESH program was established after a 2008 report â€Å"Going to Market: New York City’s Neighborhood Grocery Store and Supermarket Shortage† confirmed that there was a shortage of supermarkets in NYC mostly because there is no space available to build and low-income neighborhoods, where many NYCHA properties are, is where supermarkets are needed the most. Also, zoning prohibit stores larger than 10,000 feet from being built without special permits and public review. For perspective, the definition of a supermarket shortage is helpful and is when there is less than 3 square feet of supermarket floor space per capita. The

Shale Gas An Exploration Depth Analysis - 2690 Words

Shale Gas: An In Depth Analysis TEJERA, STEPHANIE EVR3010 2077687 Top to bottom: One of the many plants in existence extracting shale oil, and the other of the shale reserves in the United States presented in a map, and are from www.metallirari.com and www.fracfocus.org. Index of Contents Title page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 Index of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦3 Synopsis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Causes of Environmental Effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.5 - 6 Occurrence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦....7 Social and Economic Impacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 Personal Suggestions for Preservation and Recovery of the Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9†¦show more content†¦It is the same drilling we have done over the course of history and still to this date that has affected the environment. Petroleum and natural gas have been used for over 5000 years, in all parts of the world, and currently its use is steadily growing, causing new effects on our planet. Although there is an abundant amount of oil and gas within the core of our planet beneath major sources of water, eventually they will become scarce and overused, causing us to search for other means in other geographical territories, including on land. The more we discover about these sources of energy the better we understand them and eventually the more efficient we can be at conserving them (Estefani, 2013). As aforementioned, throughout history there have been many sources of fuel that have propelled man. Instead of choosing one and eventually letting it run its course after excessive use, we have exhausted all efforts trying to find other sources for use to help power the busy lives of our race. One such natural gas is shale oil. Shale gas is actually the refined version of shale oil. Shale oil, or marlstone, forms from the deposits of macrobiotic matter mixing with the sedimentary materials on the foundation of lakes at depths of about 3000 feet over a period of millions of years. Along with the plants and animals that die off and fall to the

Politics And Panama Canal Essay Example For Students

Politics And Panama Canal Essay During the Spanish-American War the warship Oregon was summoned from the WestCoast. The trip took two months to travel 14,000 miles around Cape Horn to theAtlantic. (The American Journey 741) How was the United States supposed todefend it shores if it took ships that long to get between them? The UnitedState had to build a canal through Central America; national security dependedon it. The Politics of the Panama Canal are confusing. This confusion includesthe building, the economics and the operation of this facility. The canal, beganin 1881 and finished in 1914(Dolan 55), has caused one country to fail, anotherto triumph, and another to gain its independence. There was a need for a canalthrough the isthmus of Central America. The big question was who would step upand build it. France had just lost the Franco-Prussian War against Germany. Thecountry felt that it had lost some prestige in eyes of other nations. Thereseemed only one certain way to restore its glory, undertake and compl ete themost challenging engineering feat in history. Build a canal through CentralAmerica and link the worlds two greatest oceans. (Dolan 53) The French chosePanama to build its canal because it was far narrower than Nicaragua, itscloset competitor. They obtained permission from Columbia to lay the waterway. (Dolan 53) A private company was founded in 1879 to raise the needed capital toundertake the construction. Appointed president of the company was Ferdind deLesseps, who had guided the construction of the Suez Canal. (Panama) The Frenchabandoned the project in 1889, due to a lack of funding. (Dolan 59) Now it wastime for the Americans to get involved. But there was one problem; they hadsigned a treaty with Great Britain that said, if one or the other decided tobuild a canal then the two countries would work together. This treaty was calledthe Clayton Bulwer Treaty. In 1901 the treaty was replaced with the Hay-Pauncefotetreaty. It called for Great Britain to give the United States the right to actindependently in the development of an Atlantic Pacific waterway. Why did theBritish agree to the treaty? They were tied up in the Boer War in South Africaand didnt want to split the bill on a canal? (Dolan 63) Now congress had todecide on where to dig the canal. The two main choices were Pana ma andNicaragua. Just days before the vote on the canal site, Philipee Benau-Varillaobtained ninety Nicaragua stamps that pictured a railroad dock with an activevolcano in the background, and sent them to all of the senators with a message:An official witness of the volcanic activity in Nicaragua. (Mcneese 78) Didit work? Panama got the go ahead. The United States now to get permission fromColumbia to dig in Panama. In 1902, John Hay, the U.S. Secretary of State begannegotiate with the Colombian government. An agreement was finally reached inJanuary 1903 in the signing of the Hay-Banau-Varilla Treaty, which granted theUnited States a strip of land 6 miles wide along the general route laid out byde Lesspes. The U.S. had the right to administer and police this zone. In returnthey would pay the Colombian government $10 million, and after nine years ofoperation Columbia would get an annual fee of $250,000. (Dolan 63) The treatyhad to be ratified in both the U.S. and Columbia before it c ould take affect. The U.S. gave its approval in March 1903, but the Colombian Congress said therewas not enough money for the right to dig in Panama. They wanted an additional$5 million from the Americans. They also objected to many of the points on theadministration of what was now known as the Canal Zone. (Dolan 64) When theColumbian Government refused to ratify the treaty, Panama revolted because theyfeared the United States would build through Nicaragua. After they declaredtheir independence from Columbia, President Theodore Roosevelt ensured thesuccess of the revolt when he ordered a U.S. warship to prevent Colombian troopsfrom entering the isthmus. (Panama) Now Panama had its independence and the U.S. The Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapp Essaycontrol over the zone. The question of sovereignty over the canal aroused deeppassions, which came to boil in 1964 with massive rioting by Panamanians, aresponse to U.S. troops, bloodshed on both sides. In the aftermath, PresidentLydon Johnson agreed to renegotiate the treaty related to the Panama Canal. (Conaway) In 1977 United States and Panama agreed on a new treaty. The mostsignificant agreement was the transferring of ownership of the canal to Panamato take the place on December 31, 1999. Also they agreed to cooperate in thedefense of the canal. The annual payment was upped to $ 10 million and was to bepaid from the canals revenue, plus a payment of 30 cents for each ton ofshipping. And when Panama took control of the canal it was free to employAmericans. (Dolan 128) Also included in the treaty was a neutrality clause. Thecanal is to remain open to merchant vessels of all nations indefinitely, withoutdiscriminations as to conditions or tolls. The clause does not allow the U.S. tointervene in the internal affairs of Panama. It does however give the UnitedStates and Panama the responsibility to insure that the canal remains open. (Crane 81) Though it was rich with symbolic significance the signing ceremony onSeptember 7, 1977, hardly ended the controversy over the treaties. Theratification battle in the U.S. Senate still lay ahead, and it called for theuse of every political tool available to President Carters team. It was abattle won vote by vote, through personal appeals, political accommodations, andoccasionally silly details. Carter recall one senator, a former collegeprofessor, was proud of a book he had written on semantics. Before meeting withhim to try to persuade him to vote for the treaties, Carter read the entire book? which was really boring ? and proved that he had by discussing someof its point with him. He eventually got the senators vote. (SecondDecade) In 1988 the canal became involved in a struggle for power in Panama. Manuel Noreiga had assumed military power over Panama. In response PresidentRonald Reagan decided to ban the annual payments to Panama and freeze Panamasassets in U.S. banks. This cut Noriega revenue by $180 million a year. (Dolan140) Facing a rapidly deteriorating situation, President Bush ordered U.S. troops into Panama on December 20 1989, to protect U.S. citizens, to meet treatyresponsibilities, to defend the canal, and to assist in restoring democracy andbring Noreiga to Justice. The Panamanian democratic opposition formed a newgovernment led by President Guillermd Endum. (Second Decade) Finally Panama wasunder democratic control and had something to look forward to. The turning overof the Panama Canal to Panama. No longer would their economic depend on howanother country wanted to run things. They now will decide how they want to runthe canal. And they will run it as the please because as of December 31, 1999,the day the U.S. turned over the canal, they owned the canal. Finally afterdecades of frustration they were truly free. Politics will undoubtedly have aninfluence in the maintaining, the economics, and the operation of the PanamaCanal in the years to come. They will help the canal expand in the lives of morePanamanians and maybe someday even building of another canal over the Isthmus ofPanama. BibliographyCrane, Phillip F: Surrender in Panama, the Case Against the Treaties. NewYork: Dale Books, 1978 Conaway, Janell. Americas. Jan 1999, 16. NewsBank,Online 1999 Dolan, Edward F.: Panama and the United States, Their Canal, andTheir Stormy Years. New York: Moffy Press Inc., 1990 McCullough, David: The PathBetween the Seas. New York: Simon a Schuster, 1977 McNeese, Tim. The PanamaCanal. San Diego: Lucent Books. Inc, 1997 Panama. The Volume Library. South Western Company, 1994 The Second Decade: Panama at the Canal Treaties. U.S. Department of Dispatch, 1990

The Eyes Of The Dragon (1228 words) Essay Example For Students

The Eyes Of The Dragon (1228 words) Essay The Eyes of the DragonAnnonymousAlthough it may seem quite absurd, the role of animalsin The Eyes of the Dragon is a very supreme anddignified part of the novel. Through the developmentof the novel, the animal kingdom roars novel from insects to dogs and theyall play their own, individual roles. The great black and white Anduan Huskynamed Frisky who is, out of all of her dogs, Naomi’s favorite, leads BenStaad and Naomi directly to the whereabouts of Dennis, Peter’s butler. Flagg’s animals are symbols of his plans for the downfall of Delain. Thedragon that is killed by King Roland may be considered the most the memorableof all. In this archetypal tale, Thomas sees Flagg murder Thomas’s fatherthrough the eyes of the dragon. In the end of the novel, though, all of theanimals’ roles fall into place. Frisky, Naomi’s companion, is a strong-willed, over-confident, Anduan Husky who may have been the â€Å"greatesttracking dog that ever lived.† This dog sums up themeaning of a man’s best friend. Frisky, who can track athree-day-old scent in the middle winter, is the reasonthe story takes place as it does. Just as arson dogshelp pinpoint the location of substances used to startfires, Frisky uses her keen sense of smell to pinpointexactly where Dennis, son of Brandon, has journeyed tofrom Peyna’s farmhouse. Dennis’s mission is to go backto the castle where Thomas the Tax-Bringer and Flagg,the king’s magician, live and are at high power. Peyna,who has just given up his Judge-General’s bench, has afeeling that there is some reason why Peter has askedfor the Royal Napkins and his mother’s dollhouse. Dennisis to find this reason by sending a letter to Peter,who is imprisoned at the time. Dennis journeys fromPeyna’s farm in the Inner Baronies back to the fearfulcastle with nothing except for the risks of gettingkilled. Five days later, with not a soul knowing thewhereabouts of Dennis, Naomi and Ben Staad (Peter’sbest friend) come upon the deserted farm. Naomi’s dogshave been pulling the sleds for thirty miles all theway from a snowy hollow in which they were camping. We will write a custom essay on The Eyes Of The Dragon (1228 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The two now feel helpless. With no clue on where therefriend had traveled to, they search diligently for anysigns of what they are to do next and find nothing atall. â€Å"If only there were a way to track him,† Ben saysand, thereafter, a light bulb lights in Naomi’s headlike the sun on a due-soaked morning (King 296). Thisis the epitome of where Frisky fits into the picture. After brief discussion and argument, Ben and Naomidiscover that there are traces of Dennis in thisabandoned shed but it cannot be detected by humans andFrisky’s sense of smell is like the â€Å"eyesight of a manwith the gaze of a hawk† (King 299). Stephen Kingsubstantially points out that Dennis’s scent is abright electric blue and that Frisky has the scentstored away in her â€Å"library of scents† (King 299). Frisky leads her companions far and high, throughmany miles of snow to the deserted farmhouse andeventually to a place in which they are forced to pause. astle moat. One may appear dumbfounded considering whyFrisky is referred to above as being ‘over-confident.’At the moat, after some minor conflict, the Anduan Husky personallyexpedites the situation and takes a leap of faith into the great sewerpipe which takes the travelers under the castle and directly to Dennis’slocation. Besides the fact that Frisky’s â€Å"noble nose† is a main theme andcould be considered by some a moral, there is more educational andentertainment values here than in any other part of the story. .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 , .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .postImageUrl , .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 , .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7:hover , .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7:visited , .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7:active { border:0!important; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7:active , .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7 .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0fc198e44aaecc8ef8d72977b096ca7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Russian Revolutions of 1917 EssayFlagg’s animals aide him in all of his attempts to doom the kingdom ofDelain. For example, the deathwatch spider that Flagg kept encaged fortwenty years is his way to attempt to kill Sasha, the King’s beloved wife. The spider has been feeding on newborn baby mice that are dying from poison. The spider is blood red and as big as a rat (King 31). Flagg squeezes thespider to death and mixes the deadly insides with a glass of brandy,something that Sasha drinks a glass of each night to help her sleep. Flaggrings for a servant to come and take the glass to her. Sasha never finds outhow close to death she came that night (King 33). Another example is themouse Flagg uses to set up Peter. Flagg is a very powerful magician. Withthis knowledge, no one would question Flagg’s abilities to place Dragon Sand,the most deadly substance of the time, into a box that he stole from Peterlong ago and hide the box, along with a cursed mouse, into a secret placethat, allegedly, only Peter knows about. Because the evidence of the crime isfound in a place that only Peterknows about, people begin to see a murderer’s facebehind a mask of affection and respect (King 116). Peteris then tried before a jury and taken to the top of theneedle where he is to spend the rest of his life. The reader is introduced to the dragon at the beginningof the novel when King Roland and others are hunting andire-breathing creature. The young dragon is killed whenthe brave King nocks his arrow, draws, and fires. Roland makes a direct hit in the spot under the dragon’sthroat where it takes in air to create fire (King 13). The dragon dies immediately. Otherwise called the Niner,the dragon’s head is hung up in King Roland’s sittingroom along with the head of every other animal in whichthe King had considered worth keeping (King 92). Thedragon’s head is a major secret of the castle. Flagg,being the magician he is, knows most secrets of thecastle (No one, not even he, know all of them) (King 81). Flagg, after Thomas has a bad day at a luncheon withhis father, shows the secrets to Thomas, for he has afeeling it may lead to mischief. This turns out to betrue. The secret is this: After one is led through amaze of corridors and through the â€Å"dim† door, he mustpress a certain stone in order to access the passagewaythat is revealed after the click is heard (King 89). Atthe end of the passageway, there are two little panels. After sliding these panels, one find himself behind theNiner and will discover that he can see directlythrough the dragon’s eyes. Though heeding Flagg’s advicenot to go too often, Thomas is watching the night inwhich Flagg poisons King Roland. But after Thomas isdeclared King, and years of dealing with terriblenightmares, Thomas discovers one thing: guilt andsecrets, like murdered bones, never rest easy (King 167). Stated in this collection of ideas is that the role ofthe animals in The Eyes of the Dragon is a supreme anddignified part of the novel. The reader must reread thenovel for any further confirmation. In conclusion, onecan now acknowledge that animals’ effect on howsomething takes place is important to everyday livingas well as important to the world of literature. Written by Michael Peebles in Hoover,ALcontact at: